When Should You See a Rheumatologist?

Arthritis is a broad term that refers to inflammation of the joints, which can lead to pain, stiffness and reduced mobility. Rheumatoid arthritis is a specific autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints. This can cause ongoing inflammation, joint swelling and progressive stiffness that may affect daily activities if not managed early.

Systemic lupus erythematosus, commonly known as Lupus, is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple parts of the body including the joints, skin, kidneys and heart. Symptoms often vary from person to person and may appear in flare-ups, where periods of increased symptoms are followed by times of relative calm. Joint pain and fatigue are commonly reported early signs.

Ankylosing spondylitis, also known as axial spondyloarthritis, is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that mainly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing persistent back pain and stiffness. Over time, it may lead to reduced spinal flexibility and in severe cases vertebrae fusion known as a "bamboo spine".

It commonly affects young adults aged 20 to 40. Treatment usually includes exercise, physiotherapy, NSAIDs and biologic medications to help reduce inflammation and manage symptoms.

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes joint pain, stiffness and swelling, often in people with psoriasis. It occurs when the immune system attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation that may eventually damage the joints if left untreated. Management may include lifestyle modifications, anti-inflammatory medications and DMARDs to help control symptoms and maintain mobility.

Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks moisture-producing glands, commonly causing dry eyes and dry mouth. It often affects middle-aged women and may also lead to fatigue, joint pain and other systemic symptoms.

Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune condition that causes thickening and tightening of the skin. In more severe cases, it may also affect internal organs such as the lungs, heart and digestive system. Early symptoms may include joint stiffness, skin changes and reduced flexibility.

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. It often presents as sudden, severe pain attacks, commonly affecting the big toe, ankles or knees. These episodes can be extremely painful and may recur if not properly managed.

Not all joint pain is caused by injury or overuse. Persistent or unexplained joint pain, especially when it lasts for weeks or recurs frequently, may indicate an underlying inflammatory or autoimmune condition. A specialist evaluation can help identify the cause and guide appropriate treatment.