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How Gout Affects Heart Health

Gout is a common condition that often brings sudden and painful flare-ups in the joints. Beyond joint discomfort, research suggests that gout may also be linked to cardiovascular diseases. This means that managing gout is not just about easing painful joints—it may also play a role in protecting your heart.

What Is Gout?

Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis characterised by the build-up of uric acid in the body, leading to the formation of urate crystals within the joints. These crystals can cause severe pain, swelling, stiffness and redness. Although the big toe is frequently affected, gout can also impact other joints, such as the wrists, elbows, fingers, ankles and knees.

The main symptom of gout is a throbbing, excruciating pain accompanied by discomfort and swelling in the affected area. These symptoms typically come in flares, known as gout attacks, which develop suddenly without warning and last for days or weeks.

How Does Gout Increase the Risk of Heart Disease?

Research shows that people with gout face a higher risk of cardiovascular problems compared to those without the condition. These problems may include coronary artery disease, heart failure, heart attacks and strokes.

This connection lies in the role of uric acid, the substance responsible for gout flare-ups. When uric acid levels in the blood are high, crystals can form in the joints, resulting in painful episodes and long-term damage. In some cases, high uric acid levels and the inflammation they cause may contribute to vascular damage and increase the risk of cardiovascular events like a heart attack or stroke.

Shared Risk Factors Between Gout and Heart Disease

The connection between gout and heart health arises from several shared risk factors and biological processes:

  • Inflammation

    : Gout occurs due to the inflammation caused by urate crystals in the joints. Besides affecting the joints, this chronic inflammation also affects blood vessels, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which can contribute to the development of heart disease.

  • High Blood Pressure

    :Many people with gout also develop high blood pressure (hypertension). Elevated uric acid levels can cause the blood vessels to stiffen, leading to increased pressure within them. Over time, this added strain on the heart raises the risk of serious complications such as heart attacks and strokes.

  • Obesity and Diabetes

    : Obesity and diabetes are common in people with gout and are also significant risk factors for heart disease. Excess weight can raise uric acid levels and worsen inflammation, while diabetes affects blood sugar control, further stressing the cardiovascular system. These conditions often overlap, increasing the cardiovascular risk.

What Is the Link Between Gout and High Blood Pressure?

Gout and high blood pressure are closely connected, often influencing one another. Elevated uric acid levels can make blood vessels less flexible, which forces the heart to work harder to circulate blood. At the same time, certain blood pressure medications—particularly diuretics—may raise uric acid levels, increasing the likelihood of gout flare-ups.

How Can You Reduce Gout and Heart-Related Risks?

Managing gout effectively can also support heart health. By adopting healthy habits and working closely with a doctor, individuals can reduce the risks associated with both conditions.

If you are living with gout, you can take these practical steps:

  • Manage Uric Acid Levels

    : Keep your uric acid levels controlled through medication prescribed by your doctor, alongside dietary adjustments and lifestyle changes.

  • Balanced Diet

    :Follow a diet low in purines by limiting foods like red meat, organ meats and shellfish, which can trigger gout flare-ups. Instead, choose more gout-friendly options such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean sources of protein.

  • Stay Hydrated

    : Drinking plenty of water helps flush uric acid from the body, reducing the risk of gout attacks. Proper hydration also supports healthy blood pressure and kidney function, which are vital for heart health.

  • Avoid Alcohol

    : Limit alcohol intake, especially beer and spirits, as they can raise uric acid levels and trigger gout attacks. Cutting back also helps prevent weight gain and high blood pressure, easing the strain on your heart.

  • Stay Active

    : Regular physical activity, such as brisk walking, cycling or swimming, can help manage weight, lower blood pressure, and reduce inflammation. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week or as recommended by your doctor.

  • Prioritise Regular Check-ups

    :Schedule regular check-ups with your doctor to monitor uric acid levels, track gout symptoms, and keep an eye on heart health. Early detection makes it easier to manage problems and prevent long-term complications.

When Should You See a Gout Specialist?

If gout symptoms persist or worsen, consulting a specialist can help manage the condition and its related risks. Seek medical care if you experience:

  • Persistent Pain

    : Frequent joint pain may indicate poorly controlled gout. A gout specialist can adjust your treatment plan to prevent flares.

  • Swollen Joints

    :Persistent swelling or redness in joints can be a sign of severe, ongoing inflammation or infection, which could damage joints and affect overall health.

  • Ineffective Medications

    : If prescribed medications for gout are no longer effective in controlling symptoms, a gout specialist can reassess the treatment plan, explore alternative medications, or investigate underlying causes.

  • Recurrent Gout Attacks

    : Gout attacks that keep coming back may signal high uric acid levels or other underlying issues. A specialist can help identify the triggers and tailor a management plan.

  • High Blood Pressure or Kidney Issues

    : Gout often coexists with high blood pressure or kidney problems, both of which increase heart disease risk. A gout specialist can coordinate care to address these conditions.

Remember, managing gout while reducing cardiovascular risks involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, following your doctor’s advice, and seeking timely care. If you experience ongoing symptoms or have concerns about gout and heart health, do not hesitate to talk with a gout specialist in Singapore to get personalised guidance and support. Contact us at +65 6472 4337 to book a consultation.

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